Aumento da imunorreatividade da molécula de adesão intercelular-1 na esclera e coroide em modelo experimental de hipercolesterolemia / Increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 immunoreactivity in the sclera-choroid complex in hypercholesterolemia experimental model

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a expressão da molécula de adesão intercelular-1 (ICAM-1) na esclera e coroide de coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos. Métodos: Coelhos New Zealand foram organizados em dois grupos: GN (grupo dieta normal), composto por 8 coelhos (8 olhos), recebeu ração padrão para coelhos, durante 4 semanas; GH (grupo hipercolesterolêmico), composto por 13 coelhos (13 olhos), recebeu dieta rica em colesterol a 1% por 8 semanas. Foi realizada a dosagem sérica de colesterol total, triglicerídeos, HDL colesterol, glicemia de jejum no início do experimento e no momento da eutanásia. Ao final da 4ª semana para o GN e 8ª semana para o GH foi realizada a eutanásia dos animais. Os olhos foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina e submetidos à análise histológica, histomorfométrica e imunohistoquímica com o anticorpo ICAM-1. Resultados: Observou-se significativo aumento do colesterol total e triglicerídeos do GH em relação ao GN (p<0,001). A avaliação histológica com hematoxilina eosina revelou grande quantidade de macrófagos no complexo esclero-coroidal do GH. No GH constatou-se significativo aumento da espessura da esclera e coroide em relação ao GN (p<0,001). Houve significativo aumento da expressão da ICAM-1 na esclera e coroide dos animais do GH em relação ao GN (p<0,001). Conclusão: Este estudo demonstra que a dieta hipercolesterolêmica induz ao aumento da expressão da ICAM-1 na esclera e coroide de coelhos. .

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits Methods: New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups: the normal diet group (NG), with 8 rabbits (8 eyes), was fed a standard rabbit diet for 4 weeks; the hypercholesterolemic group (HG), with 13 rabbits (13 eyes), was fed a 1% cholesterol- enriched diet for 8 weeks. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and fasting blood glucose exams were performed at the start of the experiment and at the euthanasia time. HG and NG animals were euthanized after 8th week and 4th week, respectively. Their eyes were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and underwent histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses with ICAM-1 antibody. Results: The diet has induced a significant increase in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in HG when compared with NG (p<0.001). The histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin revealed a large number of macrophages in the HG sclera-choroid complex. Moreover, a significant increase in the HG sclera and choroid thickness was observed in relation to NG (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in the ICAM-1 expression in HG sclera and choroid in relation to NG Conclusion: This study has revealed that the hypercholesterolemic diet induces an increase in the ICAM-1 expression in the rabbits’ sclera and choroid. .

¿Pueden ocho semanas de ejercicio físico combinado normalizar marcadores metabólicos de sujetos hiperglicémicos y dislipidémicos? / Eight weeks of combined high intensity intermittent exercise normalized altered metabolic parameters in women

Background: Short term physical training programs may improve insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Aim: To assess the effects of eight weeks of combined exercise program on serum lipids and glycemic level in women with hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. Patients and Methods: Ten healthy women, nine women with hyperglycemia, ten with hypercholesterolemia and nine with hyperglycemia/hypercholesterolemia were studied. Participants were subjected to eight weeks into a program of combined physical exercise (high intensity interval + resistance training). Results: Fasting glycemia decreased by 12 and 14% in hyperglycemic and hyperglycemic/hypercholesterolemic participants, respectively. Serum insulin decreased in all groups in a range from 27 to 37%. HOMA IR for insulin resistance decreased similarly. A significant decrease in TC and TG was observed only in those altered baseline subjects. Conclusions: Eight weeks of combined physical exercise had a favorable effect on insulin resistance in this group of women.

Effect of candesartan on the expression of sclera-choroidal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in hypercholesterolemic models

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of blocking the angiotensin II AT-1 receptor by the systemic administration of candesartan on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups, as follows: GI, which was fed a rabbit standard diet; GII, which was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet; and GIII, which received hypercholesterolemic diet plus candesartan. Samples of the rabbits' sclera and choroid were then studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining and histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. RESULTS: Histological analysis of hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sclera and choroid revealed that macrophages were rarely present in GI, and GII had significantly increased macrophage numbers compared to GIII. Moreover, in GII, the sclera and choroid morphometry showed a significant increase in thickness in comparison to GI and GIII. GIII presented a significant increase in thickness in relation to GI. Sclera and choroid immunohistochemical analysis for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression revealed a significant increase in immunoreactivity in GII in relation to GI and GIII. GIII showed a significant increase in immunoreactivity in relation to GI. CONCLUSION: Candesartan reduced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and consequently macrophage accumulation in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. .

Relationship between platelet indices and lipidemias: a cross-sectional study at Karachi

To compare platelet indices among patients with low and high levels of cholesterolemia and triglyceridemia. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2011to May 2012 at the departments of pathology, PNS Rahat and Baqai medical and dental university, Karachi. A total of 867 subjects presenting for estimation of fasting triglycerides and total cholesterol were selected after excluding patients receiving anti-platelet or lipid medication, pregnancy, acute in factious disorders. They were interviewed, examined and sampled for measurement of total cholesterol, triglycerides and platelet indices including total platelet count, mean platelet volume [MPV], platelet distribution width [PDW] and platecrit [PCT]. The results of platelet count and mean platelet volume were found to be significantly different among subjects with normal cholesterolemia [<5.2mmol/L], borderline raised cholesterol group [5.2-6.3 mmol/L] and hypercholesterolemia [>6.3 mmol/L]; however, post-hoc comparison did not show any significant difference between all groups. Using age as a variable and segregating total cholesterol results into 7 groups, starting from very low cholesterol values [<4.0 mmol/L] to highest [>6.5 mmol/L], in a univariate general linear model, higher mean platelet volume were observed at the extremes of cholesterolemia groups [p=0.039]. A similar trend was observed for platelet count after adjusting for age, where low levels of platelet levels were associated with hypocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia [p=0.021]. Higher MPV and low total platelet counts were associated with the observed extremes of cholesterol range. No significant differences were observed for platelet indices across various groups formulated based upon fasting triglycerides

Dislipidemia em crianças e adolescentes / Dyslipidemia in childrem and adolescents

A aterosclerose é um processo que se inicia na infância e se intensifica na vida adulta, dependendo da carga de fatores genéticos e da interação com fatores ambientais. A estria gordurosa é a alteração inicial, presente no endotélio após o nascimento. Por aparecer tão precoce e sem correlação com fatores de risco determinantes da placa de ateroma, a estria gordurosa é considerada uma lesão benigna, universal. A transformação da estria gordurosa em placa fibrosa (lesão aterosclerótica) ocorrerá dependendo do tempo de exposição aos fatores de risco modificáveis e não modificáveis e levará anos para formar a placa aterosclerótica. A importância da avaliação desses fatores, na primeira infância, é fundamental para que seja estabelecido o diagnóstico de alterações como as dislipidemias, na tentativa de instituir um tratamento precoce que evite a progressão da estria gordura em placa fibrosa. Essas ações de prevenção na infância, resultarão em redução do risco de doenças cardiovasculares na vida adulta.

Atherosclerosis is a process that begins in childhood and is intensified in adulthood depending on the genetic and environmental interactions factors. The initial fatty streak is presente in the endothelium after birth without correlation with risk factors involved in atherogenesis, and is considered a benign and universal lesion. The transformation of the fatty streak to fibrous plaque (atherosclerotic lesions) occur depending on the time of exposure to risk factors modifiable and non-modifiable, and it will take years to form fibrous plaque. The importance of recognizing the risk factors early in childhood, is importante to institute early treatment to prevent the progression of fatty streak to fibrous plaque. These preventive measures in childhood result in reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

Efeitos de hipolipemiantes sobre a expressão de CYP3A4 e CYP3A5 in vitro e in vivo / Hypolipemiant effects on CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 mRNA expression in vitro and in vivo

As CYP3A4 e CYP3A5 são enzimas do citocromo P450 responsáveis pela biotransformação de esteróides endógenos e vários fármacos, entre eles as estatinas. Polimorfismos nos genes CYP3A4 e CYP3A5 (CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3C e CYP3A5*1D) foram associados com diferenças na resposta hipolipemiante de indivíduos tratados com atorvastatina e sinvastatina. Neste estudo foram avaliados os efeitos de hipolipemiantes sobre a expressão e a atividade de CYP3A4 e CYP3A5, em linhagens celulares HepG2 e Caco-2 e em CMSP de indivíduos hipercolesterolêmicos, e sua relação com variantes de CYP3A4 e CYP3A5. Métodos: Foram analisados 99 indivíduos normolipidêmicos (NL) e 139 hipercolesterolêmicos (HC). Os HC foram tratados com atorvastatina (10 mg/dia/4 semanas). A genotipagem das variantes CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3C e CYP3A5*1D foi feita por PCR-RFLP ou sequenciamento. A análise da expressão de RNAm de CYP3A4 e CYP3A5 foi avaliada por PCR em tempo real quantitativo (PCRq). As proteínas totais de HepG2 foram avaliadas por Western Blotting. A atividade de CYP3A4 e CYP3A5 in vivo foi avaliada pela relação entre cortisol e seu metabólito, 6β-hidróxicortisol, na urina (razão 6βOH-cortisol/cortisol), por CLAE. Resultados: O perfil de expressão basal de RNAm de CYP3A4 e CYP3A5 é diferente entre HepG2 e Caco-2. Caco-2 expressa 31 vezes mais CYP3A4 e 122 vezes mais CYP3A5 que HepG2. Em células HepG2 tratadas por 12 h, a atorvastatina 20 µM aumentou a expressão de CYP3A4 em 10 vezes, em relação ao controle (p=0,006). Após 24 h de tratamento, atorvastatina (1-20 µM) aumentou a expressão de CYP3A4 em 5 a 8 vezes, nas HepG2 (p< 0,001). Para CYP3A5, a exposição por 12 h à atorvastatina 20 µM aumentou a expressão em 4 vezes em relação ao controle ( p<0,001). A exposição à sinvastatina 1,0 µM por 24 h aumentou a expressão de CYP3A4, em 2 vezes (p<0,01), em HepG2. Também se observou que, nesse tempo de tratamento, a sinvastatina (0,1 µM a 10 µM) aumentou a expressão de CYP3A5 em 2 a 4 vezes (p<0,05)...

CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are enzymes from the cytochrome P450 resposible for the biotransformation of endogenous steroids and several drugs, e.g. statins. Polymorphisms in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 (CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3C and CYP3A5*1D) have been associated with variation of lipid-lowering response in individuals treated with atorvastatin and simvastatin. In this study we evaluated the effect of hypolipemiants on expression and activity of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, in HepG2 and Caco-2 cell lines as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in hypercholesterolemic individuals, and their relationship with CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 variants. Methods: We analyzed 99 normolipidemic individuals (NL) and 139 hypercholesterolemic (HC). HC subjects were treated with atorvastatin (HC, 10 mg/day/4 weeks). Analysis of CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3C e CYP3A5*1D variants was performed with PCR-RFLP or sequencing assays and mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 with Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed . Total protein content was extracted from HepG2 for Western Blotting experiments. Activity of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in vivo was evaluated by 6βOH-cortisol and cortisol ratio in urine samples, by HPLC-UV method. Results: Baseline mRNA expression is different for HepG2 and Caco-2. Caco-2 expresses 31 times more CYP3A4 and 122 times more CYP3A5 than HepG2. In HepG2 cells treated for 12h, atorvastatin 20 µM increased CYP3A4 expression in 10 times, when compared to the control (p=0.006). After 24h treatment, atorvastatin (1-20 µM) increased CYP3A4 mRNA expression in 5 to 8 times, in HepG2 (p< 0.001). To CYP3A5, exposure for 12h to atorvastatin 20 µM increased expression in 4 times when compared to the control (p<0.001). Exposure to simvastatin 1.0 µM for 24 h increased CYP3A4 expression in 2 times, (p<0.01), in HepG2. With the 24h treatment,simvastatin (0.1 µM - 10 µM) CYP3A5 showed increased mRNA expression in 2 to 4 times (p<0.05). HepG2 cell line carries homozygous functional alleles (CYP3A4*1A e CYP3...

Health status assessment among population in Al Khawneej region, Dubai: chronic conditions and some associated factors

Assessment of the population health status is required to determine priority population health needs, identify populations most at-risk and refine health service planning Aim of the study: to assess the health status of the population in Al kawaneej region [Dubai] in terms of some chronic conditions [diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hpercholestelemia and overweight and obesity] and to determine some associated factors. A cross sectional study was conducted in Al Khawneej region. Household survey was conducted to compromise all available adult individual aged 18 years or more at the time of the survey. The total number O participants reached 210. The participants were subjected to the following tools: interview questionnaire, measurement of weight and height, blood pressure, laboratory investigations which include the fasting blood sugar, blood cholesterol level, and triglyceride level and low density lipoprotein. The ordering of the studied health problems as follow, the overweight and obesity came first in the health problems of the people of this region, it was 71.4%[44.3% and 27.1%], 60.5% had a high level of Low density lipoprotein, high blood cholesterol level was detected in 40.5% of the participants, it was found that 25.7% suffered from hypertension, while the diabetes mellitus was accounted for 13.3%. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that age 40 years or more was the predictor for diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, furthermore obesity was also the predictor for hypercholesterolemia, while the low 'educational level was associated with overweight and obesity. The survey pointed out that the problem of the overweight and obesity came first in the health problems of the people of this region, followed by a high level of Low density lipoprotein, high blood cholesterol level, hypertension, and then diabetes mellitus. We are in crucial need for an intervention program to reduce these risk factors and to enhance healthy life style which including dietary pattern and physical activity

Vascular and metabolic response to statin in the mildly hypertensive hypercholesterolemic elderly

INTRODUCTION: Much evidence indicates the importance of the endothelium and hypercholesterolemia in atherosclerosis, as well as the decline in endothelial function with aging. However, it is unclear if treating dyslipidemia in elderly patients improves endothelial function and reduces C-reactive protein levels. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate vasomotor function, lipids and C-reactive protein in mildly hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic elderly patients treated with atorvastatin. METHODS: Forty-seven elderly Brazilian subjects (> 65 years old) with LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) > 130 mg/dL were randomly assigned, in a double-blinded manner, to receive either placebo (n = 23) or 20 mg/day of atorvastatin (n = 24) for 4 weeks. Exclusion criteria included diabetes, serious hypertension, obesity, steroid use, hormone replacement, and statin use within the previous six months. All patients underwent clinical examinations, laboratory tests (glucose, lipids, liver enzymes, creatine phosphokinase and high sensitivity C-reactive protein) and assessment of vasomotor function by high-resolution ultrasound examination of the brachial artery (flow-mediated dilation and sublingual nitrate), both before and after treatment. RESULTS: The patients were 65 to 91 years old; there was no significant difference between basal flow-mediated dilation of placebo (7.3 ± 6.1 percent) and atorvastatin (4.5 ± 5.1 percent; p = 0.20). The same was observed after treatment (6.6 ± 6.2 vs. 5.0 ± 5.6; p = 0.55). The initial nitrate dilatation (8.1 ± 5.4 percent vs. 10.8 ± 7.5 percent; p = 0.24) and that after 4 week treatment (7.1 ± 4.7 percent vs. 8.6 ± 5.0 percent; p = 0.37) were similar. Atorvastatin produced a reduction of 20 percent of the C-reactive protein and 42 percent in the LDL-c; however, there were no changes in the flow-mediated dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Atorvastatin produced a significant change of lipids and C-reactive protein; however, there were no changes in vasomotor ...

Efeitos da atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e simvastatina sobre a função endotelial, a peroxidação lipídica e a aterosclerose aórtica em coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos / Effects of atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin on endothelial function, lipid peroxidation, and aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits

OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos da atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e simvastatina sobre a função endotelial, a aterosclerose aórtica e o teor de malonodialdeído (MDA) nas LDL nativas, oxidadas e na parede arterial de coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos, depois que as doses destas estatinas foram ajustadas para reduzir o colesterol total plasmático a valores similares. MÉTODOS: Coelhos machos, foram separados em grupos de 10 animais (n=10), chamados hipercolesterolêmico (controle), atorvastatina, fluvastatina, pravastatina e normal. A exceção do grupo normal, os animais foram alimentados com ração padrão acrescida de colesterol a 0,5 por cento e óleo de coco a 2 por cento durante 45 dias. As drogas foram administradas a partir do 15° dia do início do experimento e no 30° dia, as doses foram ajustadas, através do controle do colesterol plasmático, para obter valores semelhantes em cada grupo. Ao final do experimento foi dosado o colesterol plasmático e as lipoproteinas e retirado um segmento de aorta torácica para estudo da função endotelial, da peroxidação lipídica e exame histológico para medida da aterosclerose aórtica. RESULTADOS: As estatinas reduziram significantemente o colesterol total plasmático, as LDL-colesterol e a aterosclerose aórtica. O teor de MDA também foi significantemente reduzido nas LDL nativas e oxidadas, assim como na parede arterial. O relaxamento-dependente do endotélio foi significantemente maior no grupo tratado em comparação ao hipercolesterolêmico. CONCLUSÃO: As estatinas, em doses ajustadas, tiveram efeito significante e similar em reduzir a peroxidação lipídica nas LDL e na parede arterial, na regressão da aterosclerose aórtica e na reversão da disfunção endotelial.

Efeitos da braquiterapia intra-arterial com samário-153 sobre a neoproliferação intimal / Effects of intra-arterial brachytherapy with Samarium- 153 over intimal neoproliferation

Estudos experimentais e em humanos o balão de angioplastia pode levar à estenose pela migração e proliferação das células musculares lisas e a síntese de matriz extracelular. Estudos têm mostrado a ação da braquiterapia contra esses mecanismos. Nós desenhamos este estudo para avaliar a inibição do tecido de proliferação pelo Samário-153(153Sm). Quarenta e três coelhos hipercolesterolêmicos foram submetidos à lesão de ambas artérias ilíacas e separados em três grupos: com a dose de 15 Gy (n=14), com 60 Gy (n=36) e controle (n=36). A análise histológica morfométrica mostrou significante redução da neo-íntima com 15 Gy, quando comparado com os outros grupos. A dose de 60 Gy teve modificações estruturais e tissulares sugestivas de radiolesão.As previous demonstrated by experimental and human models, balloon dilation during angioplasty could lead to injury and stenosis due to smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation as well as extracellular matrix synthesis. Brachytherapy has been usefull against these factors. We pourposed was this study to evaluate neointimal tissue proliferation inhibition by Samarium-153 (153 Sm). Forty-three hypercholesterolemic rabbits underwent balloon injury in their both iliac arteries. They were separated into three groups: throught 15 Gy irradiation doses (n=14), 60 Gy (n=36) and control group (n= 36). Histopathologic and morphometric analysis showed a significant neointimal reduction with 15 Gy, comparing to others groups to control and 60 Gy dosis. The 60 y doses determined structure and tissue changes as the ones of radiation lesion...

Association of high and low density lipoprotein subclasses to risk of coronary heart disease

Coronary heart disease [CHD] is a condition of diverse etiologies, out of which hypercholesterolemia is a major established risk factor. Cholesterol is transported mainly in association with the low density lipoprotein [LDL] and high density lipoprotein [HDL]. Increased LDL cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol are related to the development of CHD. The predictive value of the cholesterol in the plasma for persons at high risk of CHD becomes more discriminative when LDL and HDL are fractionend into its subclasses. The data reviewed suggests that increased LDL cholesterol concentration can be ascribed more to the major subfraction LDL2 and reduced levels of cholesterol in HDL2 subfraction which have a closer association with established CHD than does total HDL- cholesterol

Monounsaturated fatty acid (avocado) rich diet for mild hypercholesterolemia

To assess the effect of a high monoinsaturated fatty acids (MFA) diet on serum lipids, 30 healthy adultt normolipidemic volunteers and 37 adult patients with mild hypercholesterolemia (5.4 - 9.3 mmol/l), 15 of them also with hypertriglyceridemia (2.3 - 4.8 mmol/l), were studied. Fifteen healthy and 30 hypercholesterolemic subjects (15 of them with associated type 2 diabetes mellitus) received an avocado enriched diet (2000 Kcal, lipids 53 percent MFA 49 g saturated/unsaturated ratio 0.54), and seven non-diabetic hypercholesterolemic individuals received an isocaloric control diet (MFA 34 g, saturated/unsaturated ratio 0.7). Serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured before and after a 7-day diet period. In healthy individuals a 16 percent decrease of serum total cholesterol level followed the high MFA diet, while it rose after the control diet (p<0.001 between diets). In hypercholesterolemic subjects a significant (p<0.01) decrease of serum total cholesterol (17 percent), LDL-cholesterol (22 percent) and triglycerides (22 percent), and increase of HDL-cholesterol (11 percent) levels occurred with the avocado diet, while no significant changes were noticed with the control diet. High lipid, high MFA-avocado enriched diet can improve lipid profile in healty and especially in mild hypercholesterolemic patients, even if hypertriglyceridemia (combined hyperlipidemia) is present

Metabolismo de lípidos y lipoproteínas en la diabetes mellitus / Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins in diabetes mellitus

En este trabajo se describen algunas características y propiedades de los lipidos y lipoproteínas, cuyos niveles se modifican con mayor frecuencia en el paciente diabético. Se incluye la prevalencia de dislipidemia donde los factores de riesgo para enfermedad vascular son la hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia y se destaca la utilidad de la determinación de lípidos y lipoproteínas en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad y en la evaluación de tratamientos terapéuticos. Se sabe que actualmente se estudian nuevas terapias para el tratamiento de dislipidemias y que existen varias sustancia probadas experimentalmente que pueden tenera aplicación clínica en humanos, por lo que se proporciona información al respecto

Efecto de la edad y duración de la diabetes sobre los hallazgos electrocardiográficos / Effect of age and diabetic duration upon electrocardiographic findings

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la asociación entre la edad y la duración de la diabetes con las alteraciones encontradas en el electrocardiograma. Se realizó una investigación prospectiva en 49 pacientes diabéticos no dependientes de insulina, hiperglucémicos, obesos, con hipercolesterolemia y sin antecedente de compliaciones tardías o cardiopatía. Se les practicó un electrocardiograma de reposo para agruparse posteriormente de acuerdo a la edad y duración de la diabetes. De los pacientes menores de 60 años, 25.0 por ciento presentaron alteración electrocardiográfica en comparación con 46.1 por ciento del grupo de ancianos (X²=1.86, p=NS). No se encontró diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las alteraciones electrocardigráficas de 35.7 por ciento de los menores de 10 años de evolución en comparación con 23.8 por ciento del otro grupo. Se concluye que ni la edad, ni la duración de la diabetes inciden en la frecuencia de los hallazgos electrocardiográficos anormales en pacientes diabéticos de alto riesgo no hipertensos o cardiópatas

Gerontoxon precoce / Early gerontoxon

Doze casos de gerontoxon precoce säo estudados. É discutida a relaçäo entre os níveis de colesterolemia e lipiolemia no surgimento desta patologia

Tratamento de hipertensos essenciais, hipercolesterolêmicos com ou sem hipertrigliceridemia, com dose baixa de bezafibrato (200 mg/dia) / Treatment of essential hypertension, hypercholesterolemia with or without hypertriglyceridemia, with low dose of bezafibrate (200 mg/day)

Vinte hipertensos esenciais, cinco portadores de dislipidemia tipo IIa e 15, IIb, foram tratados com 200 mg/dia de bezafibrato. Um grupo semelhante, controle, näo medicado, näo apresentou diferenças significativas da lipidemia. Seis pacientes eram do sexo masculino (60 anos ñ 4) e 14 do feminino (57 anos ñ 2). A clesterolemia e a trigliceridemia foram valiadas antes do início da terapéutica (dia zero) e nos dias 28§ e 56§. A colesterolemia média inicial (n = 20) foi de 334 mg/dl ñ 10 E.P.§.), diminuindo significativamente para 274 ñ 7 e 279 ñ 11 (P < 0,01). A trigliceridemia média inicial (n = 15) foi de 544 mg/dl ñ 85, decrescendo significativamente (P < 0,01) para 234 ñ 36 e 245 ñ 36. A reduçäo porcentual média do colesterol foi de 16% ñ 4 e 14% ñ 5; a dos triglicérides, na dislipidemia IIb (n = 15), foi de 46% ñ 8, em ambos os dias 28§ e 56§. Näo foram constatados efeitos colaterais da droga. Concluíu-se que o bezafibrato (200 mg/dia) foi útil na melhora das dislipidemias de hipertensos essenciais, apesar dos pacientes näo terem modificado os hábitos alimentares e a atividade física, em curto prazo